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The use of Pectin:

The main use for Pectin is as a gelling agent, thickening agent and stabilizer in food. The classical application is giving the jelly-like consistency to jams or marmalades, which would otherwise be sweet juices. In medicine, pectin increases viscosity and volume of stool so that it is used against constipation and diarrhea. Until 2002, Pectin was one of the main ingredients used in Kaopectate, along with kaolinite. Pectin is also used in throat lozenges as a demulcent. In cosmetic products, pectin acts as stabilizer. Pectin is also used in wound healing preparations and specialty medical adhesives, such as colostomy devices. Also, it is considered a natural remedy for nausea. Pectin rich foods are proven to help nausea.

Jam, jelly, jelly: from gelation, finished fine, flexible and resilience, increase the flavor, so smooth and refreshing taste. Ice Cream: from emulsion stability, product taste and delicate, smooth. Yogurt, lactic acid, fruit juice: stabilizing, thickening effect, extend product shelf life, with natural fruit flavor. Melting grilled food: special gas to improve dough, enhance the taste. Extend shelf life.

Pectin is better known for its jam-setting qualities and as being a component of dietary fibre. Other food carbohydrates such as beta glucans are considered to be bioactive and their anti-cancer action can be attributed to different types of carbohydrate.Pectin is alway used in food cooking as thickeners.

Pectin is a plant of an acidic polysaccharide, Pectin is usually white to pale yellow powder, slightly sour, with a water-soluble, Pectin widely used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and textile industries.
Pectin on food as thickener, gelling agent, stabilizer, suspending agent, emulsifier, flavor synergist, Pectin can be used for cosmetics, to protect the skin against UV radiation, cure wounds, Pectin for beauty have kept a certain role. Pectin on food for jam, jelly, popsicle, ice cream, yogurt, lactic acid, fruit juice. Pectin used in bread baking on the increase in volume and reduce the amount of flour to use, Pectin can extend shelf life.

Pectin E440 is widely used as food additive and ingredients,Pectin E440 is a kind of Thickeners used as food additive, food ingredient.

Pectin, a natural polysaccharide commonly used as a gelling agent, thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer in food with the European food additive number E440. This ingredient is mainly made from citrus peel and apple pomace, and commonly used to gel jams and jellies.

Sources
Pectin occurs naturally in plants and can be found in the cell walls and in the middle layer of the cell of most vegetables and fruits. The sources for commercial production of pectin mainly come from apple pomace and citrus peel. Both derived pectin are high methoxyl pectin.

1. Apple pomace
Apple pomace is the main by-product of apple juice manufacturing. Apples are first processed into juice, and the remaining pomace is used to make pectin. Dry pomace contains around 10% to 20% pectin.

Apple pectin can be used as a thickener in dairy products, a gelling agent for jams and jellies, a blending agent in fruit drinks and a stabilizer in various food processing.

2. Citrus peel
Citrus peel is the most common raw material used to produce pectin than apple pomace as high in pectin. Citrus pectin refers to pectin extracted from the peels of citrus fruits such as lime, lemon, orange and grapefruit.

Citrus peel is the main by-product of citrus fruit processing. Its pectin content accounts for about 20-30% of the dry weight. Compared with other types of pectin, it has strong gelation, high esterification degree, and large molecular weight.

3. Other sources
Pectin content varies according to the types, origin, maturity, storage period and manufacturing processing of plants. The following fruits also contain pectin but with lower content compared with the above two main sources:

Apricot
Blackberry
Cherry
Peach
Pineapple

Maltol with amylase, the enzyme conversion of sugars, proteins, proteolytic enzymes, vitamin B, lecithin, maltose, glucose and other ingredients. If we made ​​this product extract, nourishing tonic effect. Spleen and lungs and other drugs for decoction (Gao Zi), the product can be moisture, excipients.


Maltol functions and indications:
Maltol line gas digestion, spleen appetizer, retired dairy consumer inflation. Breast tenderness, women, weaning, health Maltol spleen and stomach through the milk. Spleen eat less, sweat milk stasis. E637i-118-71-8 is also used for food product Needless, abdominal pain, bloating. Maltol main temperature gas, appetite, gave birth to the next child, Maltol of Sushi, in addition to fullness, stop vomiting, broken signs, Phlegm swelling of the liver. Whom to make honey.

Maltol therapeutic value:
Maltol after germination, dried formed. With the use of raw or fried. Maltol of sweet flat. To digest rice foods, and back to the milk. Maltol foods for rice due to food accumulation and women Needless to weaning, or milk stasis, breast tenderness. The former, often with Hawthorn, The Divine Comedy, decoction or pills to make clothes, and later,to single-FDA, Jiantang. Back to the milk to be used 30 ~ 120g.

Ethyl maltol is an analogue of maltol (or methyl maltol), which is obtained by replacing the methyl group in maltol molecule with an ethyl group. They’re both flavors with the similar taste of caramelized sugar and are the basic components of some complex flavors and fragrances, and commonly used for the preparation of many fruit flavors, such as the flavors of citrus orange, pear, pineapple, cherry, grape, mango, apple, coconut and etc.

Difference
Ethyl maltol is a synthetic ingredient and is used more widely than maltol, which occurs naturally.

The biggest difference is that the flavor or aroma intensity of the former is about 3 to 4 times stronger than that of the latter and more volatile due to the slight difference in the molecular structure. And thus to reach the same flavor enhancement effect, the dosage of ethyl maltol is only one-third to one-fourth of maltol.

Maltol also has an odor of a burnt caramel, but with little fruity taste. Ethyl maltol has a stronger sweet fruity taste, while less caramel smell. This leads to their different uses. Maltol is especially suitable chocolate and caramel-flavored products, while ethyl maltol is commonly used as a fruity sweet flavor although it is not a real sweetener.

Applications:

Cooking uses:
Sodium bicarbonate, referred to as "baking soda" is primarily used in cooking (baking), as a leavening agent. It reacts with acidic components in batters, releasing carbon dioxide, which causes expansion of the batter and forms the characteristic texture and grain in pancakes, cakes, quick breads, and other baked and fried foods. Acidic compounds that induce this reaction include phosphates, cream of tartar, lemon juice, yogurt, buttermilk, cocoa, vinegar, etc. Sodium bicarbonate can be substituted for baking powder provided sufficient acid reagent is also added to the recipe.Many forms of baking powder contain sodium bicarbonate combined with one or more acidic phosphates or cream of tartar.
Sodium bicarbonate was sometimes used in cooking vegetables, to make them softer, although this has gone out of fashion, as most people now prefer firmer vegetables that contain more nutrients. However, it is still used in Asian cuisine to tenderise meats. Baking soda may react with acids in food, including Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid). It is also used in breadings such as for fried foods to enhance crispness.Thermal decomposition causes sodium bicarbonate alone to act as a raising agent by releasing carbon dioxide at baking temperatures. The carbon dioxide production starts at temperatures above 80 °C. The mixture for cakes using this method can be allowed to stand before baking without any premature release of carbon dioxide.
Medical uses:
Sodium bicarbonate is used in an aqueous solution as an antacid taken orally to treat acid indigestion and heartburn.
It may also be used in an oral form to treat chronic forms of metabolic acidosis such as chronic renal failure and renal tubular acidosis.
Sodium bicarbonate may also be useful in urinary alkalinization for the treatment of aspirin overdose and uric acid renal stones. It is used as the medicinal ingredient in gripe water for infants.
Sodium bicarbonate has been known to be used in first aid, in treating scalding, to prevent blistering and scarring with instructions to cover the scalded area with a liberal layer of sodium bicarbonate and water paste and seek medical assistance. This is due to the endothermic reaction that occurs between sodium bicarbonate and water and sodium bicarbonates mild antiseptic properties. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate is an aqueous solution that is sometimes used for cases of acidosis, or when there are insufficient sodium or bicarbonate ions in the blood.In cases of respiratory acidosis, the infused bicarbonate ion drives the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer of plasma to the left and, thus, raises the pH. It is for this reason that sodium bicarbonate is used in medically supervised cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Infusion of bicarbonate is indicated only when the blood pH is marked (<7.1–7.0) low.
It is used as well for treatment of hyperkalemia. Since sodium bicarbonate can cause alkalosis, it is sometimes used to treat aspirin overdoses. Aspirin requires an acidic environment for proper absorption, and the basic environment diminishes aspirin absorption in the case of an overdose. Sodium bicarbonate has also been used in the treatment of tricyclic antidepressant overdose.
It can also be applied topically as a paste, with three parts baking soda to one part water, to relieve insect bites.
Adverse reactions to the administration of sodium bicarbonate can include metabolic alkalosis, edema due to sodium overload, congestive heart failure, hyperosmolar syndrome, hypervolemic hypernatremia, and hypertension due to increased sodium. In patients consuming a high-calcium or dairy-rich diet, calcium supplements, or calcium-containing antacids such as calcium carbonate (e.g., Tums), the use of sodium bicarbonate can cause milk-alkali syndrome, which can result in metastatic calcification, kidney stones, and kidney failure. Sodium bicarbonate can be used to cover an allergic reaction of poison ivy, oak, or sumac to relieve some of the itching that is associated with it (an alternative to buying hydrocortisone cream).Bicarbonate of soda can also be useful in removing splinters from the skin.