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Folic Acid, one of vitamin B complex, the equivalent of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid, PGA), Mitchell (H. K. Mitchell, 1941) extracted and purified from spinach leaves, and therefore named of Folic Acid. Can promote maturation of immature bone marrow function, such as lack of Folic Acid can cause human giant cell anemia and leukopenia, Folic Acid especially important for pregnant women.

Folic Acid become the vitamin C, vitamin E on the international market after the rise of a new health vitamin product, Folic Acid broad market prospect. Iron Folic Acid is one of the products. Is a human growth and development of the "building blocks", the normal body iron content of about 45 grams. Iron constitutes hemoglobin, myoglobin components involved in the body of oxygen transport. Promote antibody production, improve immunity. Enhance the bodys metabolism. Promote the growth and reproductive capacity. Promote the decomposition of drug in the liver and enhance detoxification.
Folic Acid is a B vitamin. Slightly soluble in water, heat, light, acidic solutions are unstable in neutral and alkaline solution heat-stable, cooked in the loss of up to 50 to 90%.
1,Folic Acid is a coenzyme required for nucleic acid synthesis, Folic Acid lack of influence nucleic acid synthesis, affecting the normal cell division and replication.
2,Folic Acid can help regulate embryonic neural cell development, prevent newborn babies with congenital neural tube defects in disease.
3,Folic Acid to manufacture red blood cells essential substances (and B12), folic acid treatment to prevent anemia.
4,Folic Acid can protect the mucosa, cell division, decline and regeneration is very active part.
5,anti-cancer and niacin one can prevent free radical damage to the chromosomes.
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D-Biotin is completely absorbed by the body. D-Biotin is a member of the family of B vitamins, often referred to as B7, D-Biotin provides a small amount in a variety of food, although the number can be up to brewers yeast, egg yolk, liver, kidney, pancreas, milk, soybeans found , and barley. D-Biotin is involved in metabolism, tolerance and glucose utilization. D-Biotin also reduce resistance. D-Biotin is the function of essential fatty acids synthesis and metabolism of propionate. There is also evidence of antioxidant capacity. It is thought that biotin can be stored in the mitochondria. Biotin is a positive whole body is very little defects.

D-Biotin, the recommended dose, usually 10 mg D-Biotin a day or so, have seen no adverse side effects. There has been a report of eosinophils pleuropericardial effusion event took high doses of biotin and pantothenic acid at the same time a long time. There is no conclusive evidence that high doses of biotin alone is the cause.
D-Biotin purposes:
D-Biotin CAS No.58-85-5 is widely used in medical fields, feed additives, and other storage: it should be in aluminum or other suitable nitrogen containers.Filled, stored in a sealed container should be placed in a cool, dark place. D-Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7 and C10H16N2O3S (58-85-5, coenzyme R, Biopeiderm), is a B group vitamin, which is an important metabolic reactions catalyzed synthesis of fatty acids.
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Food grade pectin is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide, which is made of two parts: more than 65% galacturonic acid, and 35% of other polysaccharides and some little monosaccharides.

D-galacturonic acid
The basic structure of pectin is primarily composed of D-galacturonic acid units, which are polymerized by α-1,4 glycosidic linkages and partially of the carboxyl groups on the galacturonic acid residues occur as methyl esters (methylated).

The rest carboxyl groups on galacturonic acid exist as free acid or in the salt of potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium and so on.

The percentage of total galacturonic acid reflects the purity of pectin, the content of which should not be less than 65% for its food grade.

Other polysaccharides
Other types of neutral saccharides are connected to the basic structure as side chains. Such saccharides mainly refer to galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, xylose, mannose and etc.

Degree of esterification or degree of methoxylation
Galacturonic acid is usually estered with methoxy group, amide group and the like. Degree of esterification (DE) is the sum of methylation, acetylation and amidation of polygalacturonic acid on the main chain of pectin.

DM refers to the degree of methylation of polygalacturonic acid on the long chain of pectin. DE has almost the same meaning as DM in pectin.

DE is the main item to distinguish the type of pectin, and it is also an important factor that reflects the physical and chemical properties of pectin, such as solubility, gel properties, and emulsion stability.

DE usually differs due to various raw materials origins and the manufacturing process. It generally ranges from 30% (e.g. sunflower pectin) to 70% (e.g. citrus, apple pectin).
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Sodium citrates chemicals, food additives, development, buffer emulsifier, stabilizer, and the chemical industry, metallurgical industry, the process of absorption of sulfur dioxide exhaust, Sodium citrates is widely used in non-hydrogen electroplation. Sodium citrates citric acid, sodium salt, see: MSG, citric acid citric acid citric acid sodium phosphate 3-forms, also referred to as food additive E331.

Sodium citrates use:
Sodium citrates used in ice cream, to prevent fat globules from sticking together. Citrate and phosphate, have this property. Sodium citrates is also an anticoagulant. E331 as a buffer, Sodium citrates help keep the pH level of soft drinks. Sodium citrates as a chelating agent, Sodium citrates the importance of calcium in the water, let them interfere with detergent and soap.
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It can be directly synthesized by the neutralization of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide with citric acid, but several disadvantages may occur, such as the speed of reaction and quality of the final product.

The following manufacturing process was came up by a China manufacturer with better output (1):

Obtain calcium citrate by reacting calcium carbonate and/or calcium hydroxide with citric acid.
Calcium citrate reacts with citric acid further to produce calcium hydrogen citrate and/or calcium dihydrogen citrate.
Then neutralize with the sodium carbonate and/or the sodium hydroxide to produce sodium citrate.
Specification
Other names
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate or dehydrate
CAS number
68-04-2 (anhydrous)
6132-04-3 (dihydrate)
Chemical formula
C6H5O7Na3 (anhydrous)
C6H5O7Na3·2H2O (dihydrate)
Molecular weight
258.07 (anhydrous)
294.10 (dihydrate)
Properties
Appearance
Crystalline white powder or crystals.

Solubility
Soluble in water (1g/1.5ml, 25°C), insoluble in ethanol.

PKa
Sodium citrate is the base of citric acid, which is a weak organic acid with three carboxylic acid groups and as a result it dissociates three H+, and with three PKa values, PKa1 = 3.14, PKa2 = 4.77 and PKa3 = 6.39.

PH
7.5 to 9.0 (5 % aqueous solution) (2)
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