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Both are used commercially to sweeten foods but crystalline fructose is often mistaken with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), which is a mixture of nearly equal amounts of fructose and glucose. There are mainly three differences between them:

1. Fructose assay
HFCS is also made from corn starch processed by converting some of the glucose (corn syrup) to fructose by enzymes. As a result, it contains both fructose and glucose.

The two main types of HFCS:

HFCS 42: 42% fructose and the rest glucose. It is mainly used for processed foods and breakfast cereals.
HFCS 55: 55% fructose and the remaining glucose, mostly used in soft drinks.

There is also HFCS 90 in the market which contains 90 percent fructose that can be crystallized to manufacture crystalline fructose.

However, crystalline fructose is simply pure fructose in crystalline form. It’s 100% fructose.

2. Convenience
The solid form and smaller volume makes it a better option than HFCS in transportation and uses.

3. Glycemic index
The Glycemic index is a measure of how carbohydrates affect blood glucose concentrations. The glycemic index of fructose is 19, while this value for table sugar is 65 and 100 for glucose. The glycemic index of HFCS is similar to table sugar.

The glucose in high fructose corn syrup is metabolized in a different way with crystalline fructose. As we all know, in our body, the transportation and release of glucose are controlled by insulin. Due to the dysfunction of insulin, the blood glucose in diabetics will increase (like normal people) but it is harmful to this population after the intake of HFCS.


In contrast, fructose will not go into your bloodstream and it has little impact on blood glucose, as it goes to the liver, where enzymes turn it to fat. This enables crystalline fructose as a sweetener for diabetics to control blood glucose levels.
http://www.chinafooding.com/Crystalline_Fructose

Sodium Benzoate, also known as benzoic acid, it is also known as Sodium Benzoate sodium benzoin. E211 is insoluble in water at room temperature in air (especially the hot air) in the micro-volatile, hygroscopic, about room temperature 0.34g/100ml; but soluble in hot water; soluble in ethanol, chloroform and non-volatile oil. In the use of multi-use Sodium Benzoate; acid and E211 and corrosion resistance traits are similar. E211 mostly white granules, odorless or slight benzoin smell, taste sweet, with convergence; soluble in water (room temperature) 53.0g/100ml around, PH of 8 or so; E211 is the acid preservatives in the alkaline medium no bactericidal, antibacterial; Sodium Benzoate corrosion is the best PH 2.5-4.0, when the 5% solution PH5.0 bactericidal effect is not very good. E211 lipophilic large, easy to penetrate the cell membrane into the cell body, interference with membrane permeability, Sodium Benzoate can inhibit the absorption of amino acids the cell membrane; into cells in vivo acidification of intracellular ionized alkaline reserve, and inhibit cell respiration enzyme activity, to prevent condensation of acetyl coenzyme A, Sodium Benzoate to play the purpose of food preservation.

Sodium Benzoate synthesis:
By the toluene in the presence of cobalt naphthenate catalyst to air oxidation system to take the first acid, then acid as raw materials, each with sodium bicarbonate, active carbon, then the results of filtration, drying, crushing obtained Sodium Benzoate.

Sodium Benzoate for oral liquid pharmaceutical preservatives, Sodium Benzoate sour to prevent deterioration and prolong shelf life effects, Sodium Benzoate human liver would be too much the amount of harm, and even cancer, according to GB2760-1996 national health standards in the meat may not be used in the food system, Sodium Benzoate.
http://www.chinafooding.com/Sodium_Benzoate

It can be chemically synthesized by the reaction between benzoic acid with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide.

Here is the brief manufacturing process came up by the China top manufacturer Tianjin Dongda (1):

Obtaining crude sodium benzoate by the neutral reaction between benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide at pH 7.5-8.0
Decolorizing, filtering, palletizing and drying
Here is the reaction equation:


C6H5COOH + NaOH = C6H5COONa + H2O

By the way, benzoic acid can be produced by the reaction between sodium benzoate and hydrochloric.

Powder and Granular
Powder and granular are two common forms of sodium benzoate, but the powdered form is easy to caking in storage and transportation due to its hygroscopicity and poor fluidity.
http://www.chinafooding.com/Sodium_Benzoate

About Tert-Butylhydroquinone:
Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ poor heat resistance, not in frying, baking under the conditions of use, E319 with butylated hydroxyanisole to improve with use. E319 for the storage of vegetable oil at room temperature is better. Another Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ still has some antibacterial effect, especially in the slightly acidic salt-mediated combined with better. Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ on other antioxidants and chelating agents have synergies, adding citric acid can enhance its antioxidant activity. In vegetable oil, bulk oil and animal oil, E319 is generally used in combination with citric acid. Reactive oxygen species was determined using the oxidation stability of lard when, Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ role equal to butylated hydroxyanisole, more than butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate. The Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ incorporation into packaging materials can effectively inhibit the oxidative deterioration of lard. Poultry fat, E319 Biding Ji hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene or propyl gallate more effective.

Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ applications:
Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ is a highly effective antioxidant. Food, E319 is used as unsaturated vegetable oils and animal fats in many food preservatives. E319 does not cause discoloration, even in the presence of iron, and it will not change the material added to the taste or smell. E319 with other preservatives such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ added to the variety of food, and maximum (1000 mg / kg), frozen fish and fish products allowed. E319 The main advantage is to improve the storage life. Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ as a stabilizer for the industry to curb autopolymerization organic peroxides. Perfume, Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ is used as a fixing agent to reduce the evaporation rate and improve stability. Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ is also added to varnishes, lacquers, resins, oil additives.
http://www.chinafooding.com/Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ

Commercial TBHQ is produced by reacting hydroquinone with tert-butanol or isobutylene. Here is a detailed manufacturing process between hydroquinone and tert-butanol from a China manufacturer (1).

The following is the brief reaction equation:


TBHQ manufacturing reaction

Specification
Appearance White or tan powder with a light characteristic odour.
Other names Tert-butylhydroquinone, tert-butyl-1,4-benzenediol
CAS number 1948-33-0
Chemical formula C10H14O2
Molecular weight 166.220
Stability With high thermal stability, no discoloration in the presence of metal ions (e.g. iron, copper).
Solubility practically insoluble in water, easy to dissolve in oils & fats and organic solvents
http://www.chinafooding.com/Tert-Butylhydroquinone-TBHQ